Guidelines Article Formatting

ARTICLE FORMAT - TECHNICAL NOTES

  • Save as .txt or even better as .rtf
  • No automatic formatting done by a word processor
  • Avoid tab-stops!!! Never use them for creating a paragraph!!!
  • Hierachy of Headings by using numbers (i.e. 1. / 1.1 / 1.1.1 / 2. / 2.1 / 2.2 / 2.3. / 2.3.1 / etc.
  • Formatting of references: you are recommended to use “APA Style“ (See below)
  • Tables stored in an extra file. Indicate the table by numbers and “insert table Number X here” in the document. Provide a footer-Text for the Table in the document
  • Graphics should be stored as .gif or .jpeg format in an extra file. Indicate graphics by numbers and “insert graphic number X here” in the document. Provide a footer text for the graphic in the document
  • No “Word-Graphics” in the document, please. Keep it separate and indicate a place in the document like described above
  • Label tables and graphics with your name and number in article; e.g. Lehtonen1
  • to get closer to your ideas, it would be a good idea to receive either a printed document formatted in a way you would like to see your document or an electronic version in PDF-Format

AUDIO AND VIDEO

  • Audio files formatted as MP3 or .AIF
  • Video files formatted as .mov (Quicktime) or .MPG or . rm (Realplayer video format)
  • Store on a CD-ROM or other data storage

APA BIBLIOGRAPY

A bibliography is a list of sources used in compiling a document. You should arrange the bibliography in alphabetical order by the author’s last name or, if there is no author, by the first main word of the title. You can ignore A, And, and The in a title.
There are several bibliographic styles. Be sure to find out what style you should use. Don’t mix styles because you may confuse your reader. The examples in this bibliography are written in the American Psychological Association (APA) style, which is commonly used in psychology and other social sciences. The rules for creating an APA bibliography style are:

  • Double-space all entries.
  • Type all authors’ names with the last name first, separated by a comma. Use only initials for the first and middle names, and an ampersand (&) rather than “and” before the last author’s name.
  • In titles of books and articles, begin only the first word of each title, subtitle, and proper name with a capital letter. In the titles of journals, begin all significant words with a capital letter.
  • Use italics or underlines for the titles of books and periodicals.
  • Do not underline or use quotation marks around the titles of periodical articles.
  • Give the full names of publishers, excluding “Co.,” “Inc.,” and the like.
  • Use the abbreviation “p.” or “pp.” before page numbers in books, magazines, and newspapers, but not for scholarly journals.
  • Separate each portion of each bibliography entry with a period followed by two spaces.

EXAMPLES

Below are example entries for different kinds of material you might need to include in a bibliography. To create your bibliography, delete the guideline information in this paragraph and in the paragraphs above, and then replace the following reference examples with your own references using the format indicated in the examples.

A book with one author
Zambroski, R. (1959). Sarah Akhtar: a biography. New York: Five Lakes Publishing.

A book with two or more authors
Abbar, A. & K. Hightower. (2000). Photographic essays of the end of a century. Atlanta: Lakes & Sons.

A book with an editor
Chor, A. (Ed.). (1991). Writing clearly: bullets, white space and common sense. New York: Scootney Publishing.

A translation of a book
Ben-Sachar, I. (1939). Nunummy nibh. (J. Tippett and C. Polard, trans.) Boston: Jean-Paul Deloria.

An anonymous book
The Chicago manual of style: fourteenth edition. (1993). Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.

A later edition of a book
Cooper, S. (1988). Computer graphics (new revised edition). Seattle: Litware, Inc.

A work in more than one volume
Greenberg, R. (1961). Myth in children’s literature (Vols. 1-2). Boston: Ramona Publishing.

A signed article in a journal
Con, A. (1984). The effect of pesticides on air quality. Consolidated Messenger, 20, 44-60.

A signed article in a monthly magazine
Shelly, D. B. (1994). Hardware innovations. Awesome Computers, January 1995, pp. 14-17.

A signed article in a daily newspaper
Mughal, S. (1994, December 27). Speculation and development. Island Hopper News, Section D, p. 1.

An unsigned article
The role of weather in economics. (1981, December 14). Kimball Museum of Science, Quarterly Journal, Volume IV, pp. 16-21.

A film or videotape
Castaneda, M. A. (Supervising Director) & M. Sherman (Producer). (1937). Mom’s kitchen. [Videotape]. Burbank, CA: School of Fine Art.

Computer software
Microsoft Office (1987-2002). [Computer program]. Redmond, WA: Microsoft.

Articles in an Internet-only journal
Fredrickson, B. L. (2000, March 7). Cultivating positive emotions to optimize health and well-being. Prevention & Treatment, 3, Article 0001a. Retrieved November 20, 2000, from http://journals.apa.org/prevention/volume3/pre0030001a.html

Articles in an Internet-only journal, retrieved via file transfer protocol (ftp)
Crow, T. J. (2000). Did Homo sapiens speciate on the y chromosome? Psycoloquy, 11. Retrieved March 25, 2001, from ftp://ftp.princeton.edu/harnad/Psycoloquy/2000.volume.11/psyc.00.11.001.language-sex-chromosomes.1.crow

MUSICTHERAPYTODAY / VOICES

Transfered onto MusicTherapyToday for articles until end of 2004 (Vol I-V) this would look like: